Dahi, known as yogurt in English, is a staple dairy product in Indian cuisine. It is made by fermenting milk using bacterial cultures and has numerous culinary, nutritional, and cultural significances.

Preparation

Milk Selection:

Traditionally made from cow's or buffalo's milk.

Can be made from whole, low-fat, or skim milk, depending on the desired creaminess.

Fermentation Process:

Heating: Milk is heated to a specific temperature (around 85°C or 185°F) to kill any undesirable bacteria and to denature the milk proteins, which helps in setting the yogurt.

Cooling: The milk is then cooled to about 43°C or 110°F.

Inoculation: A small amount of live culture (existing yogurt) is added to the cooled milk.

Incubation: The mixture is kept undisturbed in a warm place for 6-12 hours until it sets into yogurt.

Types of Dahi

Plain Dahi:

Unsweetened and unflavored, used in cooking and as a base for other preparations.

Sweetened Dahi:

Sugar or jaggery is added during fermentation or after setting.

Flavored Dahi:

Fruits, spices, or other flavorings are mixed into the yogurt.

Uses in Cuisine

Raita: Yogurt mixed with vegetables, fruits, and spices, often served as a side dish.

Lassi: A yogurt-based drink, which can be sweet or salty, sometimes spiced or flavored with fruits.

Curries: Used to thicken and add a tangy flavor to various curries and gravies.

Marinades:

Often used in marinades for meat and vegetables due to its tenderizing properties.

Desserts:

Used in making desserts like Shrikhand (Matho), yogurt-based cakes, and frozen yogurt.

Health Benefits

Probiotics:

Contains beneficial bacteria that aid in digestion and improve gut health.

Nutrition:

Rich in protein, calcium, vitamins, and minerals.

Digestive Aid:

Helps in digestion and can soothe the stomach.

Immunity Booster:

Regular consumption can strengthen the immune system.

Cultural Significance

Religious Practices:

Dahi holds a significant place in various religious rituals and festivals. It is often used in Hindu pujas and as offerings to deities.

Daily Diet:

A common component of daily meals in Indian households, valued for its cooling properties and versatility.